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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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90
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jul_sep
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0910990.000
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<text>
<title>
(Sep. 10, 1990) Interview:Hosni Mubarak
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Sep. 10, 1990 Playing Cat And Mouse
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
THE GULF
INTERVIEW, Page 36
An Urgent Call to Negotiate
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Hosni Mubarak, the President of Egypt, hopes a diplomatic
solution can cool the month-old crisis but fears the region is
moving tragically toward war
</p>
<p>By Dean Fischer/Cairo and Hosni Mubarak
</p>
<p> Q. Is war unavoidable?
</p>
<p> A. We can avoid war. It is not that difficult. It depends
on President Saddam Hussein. He should respond to the pressures
to save his country and his people. War is a tragedy, a
disaster. I can't understand why he doesn't realize what would
happen if war broke out.
</p>
<p> Q. But time seems to be running out.
</p>
<p> A. He should understand what is happening in the world. His
advisers should have the courage to persuade him to respond to
international public opinion. This is the first time since
World War I that nearly all the countries in the world are
standing against the invasion of one country by another.
</p>
<p> Q. Do you accept the possibility that force might have to
be used?
</p>
<p> A. I hope from my heart that we don't reach the point of
using force. I hate war. But as a military man, I fear we are
moving toward war. One word from Saddam Hussein would stop this
catastrophe: Withdraw.
</p>
<p> Q. Could this confrontation have been avoided?
</p>
<p> A. I tried several times. I suggested a summit. I whispered
in the ears of King Hussein that if President Saddam showed
flexibility in withdrawing his forces and restoring the
legitimate government of Kuwait, then we would put Arab forces
in a buffer zone and start negotiations between them. I think
the world would have respected this. King Hussein told me that
Saddam agreed to a summit. When I asked him about withdrawal
and restoration of the Kuwaiti government, King Hussein said
he hadn't discussed those points. So I said how can I invite
the heads of state to a summit? What am I going to tell them?
</p>
<p> Q. Did you see any signs before the Iraqi invasion that it
was going to take place?
</p>
<p> A. I didn't have even the slightest thought that one Arab
country would swallow another. I thought President Saddam was
very reasonable.
</p>
<p> Q. At the Arab summit meeting in Baghdad last May, Saddam
threatened to use the oil weapon against the U.S.
</p>
<p> A. I heard that from several heads of state. I'm used to
hearing it every now and then. I did not think it was a signal
that something was going to happen.
</p>
<p> Q. Did Saddam assure you that he had no intention of
invading Kuwait?
</p>
<p> A. Yes, yes. He promised that he was only making a threat
and he was not going to go beyond that. We were sitting
tete-a-tete, just the two of us, and he said exactly that.
</p>
<p> Q. Do you think anybody outside Iraq knew of his plans?
</p>
<p> A. I heard some rumors that two other heads of state knew
about it beforehand. [Although Mubarak would not specify, he
is known to believe that the two were Jordan's King Hussein and
President Ali Abdullah Saleh of Yemen.] But even if I had been
told this before the invasion, I would never have believed he
would do it.
</p>
<p> Q. Do you see any solution to this problem other than
Saddam's withdrawing his forces and resolving his differences
with Kuwait in negotiations?
</p>
<p> A. I advised President Saddam even before the invasion that
his problems with Kuwait should be solved by negotiations. I
told him he should realize that the problems would not be
solved in two or three meetings and that some other heads of
state were prepared to intervene to reach a good result for
both sides.
</p>
<p> Q. What sort of negotiated settlement is acceptable to you?
</p>
<p> A. Iraq must withdraw from Kuwait. If Saddam Hussein agrees
to evacuate, I will be the first to call for all foreign forces
to leave the region. Then we shall replace them with Arab
troops. Once the Kuwaiti government is restored, the problems
between Iraq and Kuwait can be resolved in negotiations.
</p>
<p> Q. Henry Kissinger, for one, has said that if sanctions and
diplomacy fail, the U.S. should consider a surgical and
progressive destruction of Iraq's military assets.
</p>
<p> A. I care for the Iraqi people. I want them to be spared the
miseries of war. I hope this can be avoided.
</p>
<p> Q. Some Americans have suggested the Arab countries should
be doing more to defend against the threat of Iraqi aggression.
</p>
<p> A. Egypt, Syria and Morocco have joined the gulf countries
in sending troops to Saudi Arabia. If King Fahd asks us for
more troops, I am prepared to send them immediately.
</p>
<p> Q. What can be done to overcome the divisions in Arab
opinion toward Iraq?
</p>
<p> A. I regret any divisions in the Arab world. But I also
believe that if you are right in your judgments, time will heal
everything. To us it is a question of principle. Those who
disagree today will come back tomorrow.
</p>
<p> Q. What about the political future of the region? How will
the crisis affect the Palestinian problem?
</p>
<p> A. If this crisis could be solved, I think it may be a
little bit easier to address the Palestinian problem.
</p>
<p> Q. Why?
</p>
<p> A. People in this area will realize that negotiations are
the best way of solving problems, rather than launching war
against each other. For the time being, Palestinians are
divided by Yasser Arafat's support for Iraq. But I think all
of them will have to go back to the negotiating route after
this crisis is over.
</p>
<p> Q. Will your improved relations with Syria help?
</p>
<p> A. I can't foretell what will happen. I know that when our
two countries are friends, it is good for the Arab world.
</p>
<p> Q. You have been accused by Arab critics of being an
American puppet. Now that you have deployed troops to Saudi
Arabia and you are assisting in the American military buildup,
how do you respond to that?
</p>
<p> A. I never respond to it. We are not puppets. We have our
own interests, and we are not controlled by any country. We
have good relations with America, with the Soviet Union, with
Europe, with the Eastern bloc, with the African continent, even
with the Arab world. Egypt is Egypt. Egypt will never be a
puppet for anybody, and those who are saying this know it
perfectly well.
</p>
<p> Q. But many Arabs are disturbed by the presence of foreign
forces in Saudi Arabia.
</p>
<p> A. What could the Saudis do? When your country is
threatened, you have to protect yourself. Many nations over the
years have called for help from foreign armies. Even Egypt
brought in Soviet troops after the 1967 defeat by Israel.
</p>
<p> Q. What does Saddam Hussein want out of this?
</p>
<p> A. I really don't know. Probably money and power.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>